GENERAL MEDICINE - PREFINAL PRACTICALS

case of uncontrolled blood sugar with diabetes foot ulcer

B.Aishwarya Laxmi
Roll.no-152
9th semester.

Case

35  year old Male who is a Biochemistry teacher by occupation came to the hospital 13 days ago with the chief complaints of

 • Pain in the  left lower chest region since 5 days 

• Vomitings since 3 days

History of presenting illness 


▪Patient was apparently asymptomatic 7 years back then he had fall from bike due to fainting then he was diagnosed as diabetic at local hospital since then he was on medication( metformin- 500 mg) regularly till 2019 and was on regular checkup monthly with dietary practices

▪ He used to drink  alcohol occasionally  since 2008.He started drinking alcohol heavily (5 days per week and daily 750 ml)since 2019 January due to personal problems and wasn't on regular medications for diabetes

 .After 2 weeks he had vomiting and abdominal pain for which he was hospitalized and diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and his blood sugar levels was very high for which he was given insulin , then he was on GLYCOMET -MV1  (metformin and voglibose)

▪ Then he stopped drinking alcohol for 2 months ,during this period of 2 months he was alright

▪ He again started drinking alcohol (5 days per week) and was not regular on diabetic medication and then he had recurrent episodes of abdominal pain following heavy drinking for which he used to stop taking alcohol for 2 days and then he resumes again

▪3 years ago patient had corn on plantar aspect of great toe of left foot, patient himself used to cut the thickened part with a blade, which one year ago turned into an ulcer, for which he underwent debridement 4 months back. He does his own dressing by using spirit to clean the area and then puts iodine and cotton on it, every alternate day but it was not healed and some times he had pain which was radiating upto ankle joint

▪He quit his job 2 years ago and had done suicideattempt ( op poisoning) , since then he was staying at home, but occasionally teaches as a guest lecturer.

▪ 19 days back,he had an accident when he was drunk and then he developed pain and swelling but he neglected it because he was on alcohol totally and did not take any food .Pain which was gradually increased which was throbbing type and non radiating and increased on taking deep breath and on lying on left lateral position , relieved on medication

▪ After 4 days he had single episode of vomiting at night which was blood stained . So he stopped taking alcohol 

.Next day  he had about 10 to 15 episodes of vomiting which were non bilious  initially and bilious there after and non projectile and contents as food particles and 

There was sudden increase of pain in lower chest  for which he came to our hospital and he had not taken any medication for diabetes  since 10days.

 He was given Zofer for vomitings and IV fluids were given and his sugar levels were 500-600mg/ dl he was put on Insulin and for first 2 days he was normal ,then he developed itching all over the body but they continued insulin for next 2 days then he had severe itching all over the body ( avil was given) so insulin was stopped and was given oral medication glimiperide 4mg morning , metformin 500 mg morning and glimiperide - 3 mg , metformin 500 mg night. He wants go to de - addiction centre but his sugar levels are not controlled he was sent back 



Past history

▪ Known case of diabetes since 8 years 

▪No history of hypertension, asthma, epilepsy, CAD

 1 year back.. he attempted suicide..( op poisoning)

Family history

 Not significant

Personal history 

 Diet- mixed

Appetite- normal ( does not take food when he consumes alcohol )

Sleep- inadequate( when he does not take alcohol)

Bowel and bladder movements- regular

Habits- consumes alcohol from 2009 occasionally but from 2019 consumed daily -750 ml/day smokes while drinking about 5 to 6 cigarettes each time

General examination

 Patient was conscious , coherent,  cooperative well oriented  to time , place person 

Pallor- mild

icterus- absent

 cyanosis- absent

clubbing- absent

Lymphadenopathy - absent

Edema- absent

He complained of pain in the 1 St metacarpal joint of both the hands since 3 days



VITALS-

Temp: 98°F

PR: 78bpm

RR: 18 cpm

BP: 120/80 mm hg

SpO2: 98% on RA

 GRBS


• 15/3/2022- 500 to 600 mg/dl

•16/3/2022

 2AM (16/3/22): 101mg/dl 

6AM (16/3/22): 97 mg/dl

8 AM ( 16/3/22): 144 mg/dl

*From 17th March to 19th March 

Before breakfast and dinner -glimiperide 3 mg

After breakfast and dinner -metformin 500 mg

Breakfast -3 idli and ragi Java

Lunch-3 chapathi

Dinner-java+fruits

 •18/03/2021

 8am- 323mg/dl

10am- 259 mg/ dl

1pm- 251mg/ dl

3pm- 245 mg /dl 

7pm -245 mg/ dl

*From 20th March to 23rd march

Patient is on insulin

Breakfast-3 idli+Java

Lunch-3 chapathi

Dinner-java+fruits

•22/3/2022

8am -310 mg /dl

10am - 277mg/ dl

*From 24th to 25th march

Before breakfast and dinner-glimiperide 3 mg

After breakfast and dinner-metformin 500mg

Breakfast-3 idli+ Java

Lunch-3 chapathi

Dinner-fruits+java

•24/3/2022

4 am- 171 mg/dl

7am  -341 mg/dl

10am- 250 mg/dl

11am -166 mg/dl

3pm- 341 mg/dl 

•25/ 3 /2022

4am -171g/dl

7am -341 mg/dl

1pm- 209 mg/dl

7pm -166 mg/dl

10 pm- 209mg/dl

*From 26th to 29th march

Before breakfast and dinner-glimiperide 4 mg and 3 mg respectively

After breakfast and dinner-metformin 500 mg

Breakfast-idli+java

Lunch-1 cup of rice

Dinner-fruits+java

•26/ 3/2022

7am - 166 mg/dl

10am- 304 mg/dl

3pm-  296mg/dl

7 pm -201mg/dl

10pm- 269mg/dl

•27/ 3/ 2022

6 am- 271 mg/dl

8am- 169 mg/dl

10am-- 306 mg/dl

2pm- 117 mg/dl

4 pm-311 mg/dl

8 pm-376 mg/dl

10pm-334 mg/dl

.28/3/2022

5 am-334 mg/dl

10.40 am-360 mg/dl

1 pm-245 mg/dl

4.40 pm-362 mg/dl

8 pm-225 mg/dl

10.22 pm-232 mg/dl

.29/3/2022

6.30 am-179 mg/dl

11.27am-282 mg/dl

1.30 pm-212 mg/dl

4.30 pm-320 mg/dl

Systemic examination

▪CVS-- s1 ,s2 heard no murmurs

 • Respiratory system- normal vesicular        breath sounds heard

 • Abdomen- no tenderness  no.  .       palpable mass , not distended


▪CNS-

 -Patient is conscious

-Speech -normal

-No signs of meningeal irritation

-SENSORY EXAMINATION,- touch, pain , vibration present

-No muscle wasting seen

-Tone of muscles is normal

▪REFLEXS:-
 
• Deep tendon reflexes

                        Right.                  Left

  Knee jerk.      +2                       +2
  Ankle reflex  +2                       +2    
  Biceps.            +2.                      +2      
  Triceps.          +2                       +2
  Supinator.     +2.                      +2 

•Power
 
Biceps.            5/5.                  5/5
Triceps.          5/5.                  5/5

Extensors of knee
                       5/5.                    5/5          Flexors of knee
                     5/5.                       5/5
Exetnsors of hip
                      5/5.                      5/5
Flexors of hip
                     5/5.                       5/5



Gait -normal


▪Coordination

- Finger nose test-able to perform
- knee heel test- able to operform
- Romberg sign- negative

Investigation
 
 ▪ 15/3/2022

 S. Lipase: 48 IU/L

S. Amylase: 74 IU/L

Urine for ketone bodies: negative 

•LFT: 

TB: 1.08

DB: 0.24

AST: 18

ALT: 10

Alk P: 242

TP: 7.3

Alb: 4

A/G: 1.23

•ABG:


USG ABDOMEN


• Chest x ray AP view


Serum creatinine: 1.0

Serum urea: 15


•Hemogram: 

Hb: 10.5
TLC: 5,400
N:65
L: 28
PLT: 2.30

 •Electrolytes

Na: 138
K: 4.1
Cl: 99

▪ 17/03/2022

Hba1c- 8.1
 
Provisional diagnosis

 •Uncontrolled sugars with diabetic left foot ( great toe) ulcer 
•Road traffic accident with left 7th rib fracture , alcohol dependency


Treatment
  
Tab - Glimiperide 4mg morning
Tab - Glimiperide 3mg night 
Tab - Metformin 500mg bd
Tab - Pan 40 mg
Tab - Dolo 650 mg
Tab-Ultracet 1/2 tab QID

Reference:
http://185meghanavarma.blogspot.com/2022/03/case.html




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